Perennialism
The acquisition of knowledge about the great ideas of western culture, including understanding reality, truth, value, and beauty, is the aim of education. Thus, curricula should remain constant across time and context. Cultivation of the intellect is the highest priority of an education. Teachers should directly instruct the great works of literature and art and other core curricula.
| _2_ | + | _5_ | + | _2_ | + | _4_ | + | 3__ | Total = | _16____ |
| 1 | 10 | 23 | 31 | 39 |
Essentialists believe that there is a core of basic knowledge and skills that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. A practical focus, rather than social policy, and emphasis on intellectual and moral standards should be transmitted by the schools. It is a back-to-basics movement that emphasizes facts. Instruction is uniform, direct, and subject-centered. Students should be taught discipline, hard work, and respect for authority.
| 5__ | + | _3_ | + | 2__ | + | _3_ | + | _1_ | Total = | _14____ |
| 5 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 17 |
Progressivists believe that education should focus on the child rather than the subject matter. The students' interests are important, as is integration of thinking, feeling, and doing. Learners should be active and learn to solve problems by experimenting and reflecting on their experience. Schools should help students develop personal and social values so that they can become thoughtful, productive citizens. Because society is always changing, new ideas are important to make the future better than the past.
| 3__ | + | 5__ | + | 5__ | + | _1_ | + | _4_ | Total = | _18____ |
| 4 | 24 | 26 | 34 | 36 |
Social reconstructionists advocate that schools should take the lead to reconstruct society in order to create a better world. Schools have more than a responsibility to transmit knowledge, they have the mission to transform society as well. Reconstructionists use critical thinking skills, inquiry, question-asking, and the taking of action as teaching strategies. Students learn to handle controversy and to recognize multiple perspectives.
| _3_ | + | _4_ | + | _5_ | + | _5_ | + | _5_ | Total = | _22____ |
| 8 | 11 | 15 | 25 | 40 |
For information processing theorists, the focus is on how the mind of the individual works. The mind is considered to be analogous a computer. It uses symbols to encode, process, remember, and retrieve information. It explains how a given body of information is learned and suggests strategies to improve processing and memory.
| _5_ | + | 4__ | + | 5__ | + | _1_ | + | _4_ | Total = | _19____ |
| 6 | 14 | 22 | 29 | 37 |
Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of external forces that cause humans to behave in predictable ways, rather than from free will. Observable behavior rather than internal thought processes is the focus; learning is manifested by a change in behavior. This is known as the stimulus-response theory of learning. The teacher reinforces what what the student to do again and again and ignores undesirable behaviors. The teacher's role is to develop behavioral goals and establish reinforcers to accomplish goals.
| _3_ | + | _4_ | + | _4_ | + | _4_ | + | _3_ | Total = | _18____ |
| 20 | 30 | 33 | 35 | 38 |
The learner actively constructs his or her own understandings of reality through acting upon and reflecting on experiences in the world. When a new object, event, or experience does not fit the learner's present knowing structures, a conflict is provoked that requires an active quest to restore a balance. Teachers facilitate environmental conditions and mediate experiences to support student learning.
| 5__ | + | 4__ | + | _5_ | + | _5_ | + | _5_ | Total = | _24____ |
| 2 | 9 | 19 | 27 | 32 |
Humanist educators consider learning from the perspective of the human potential for growth, becoming the best one can be. The shift is to the study of affective as well as cognitive dimensions of learning. Beliefs include: human beings can control their own destiny; people are inherently good and will strive for a better world; people are free to act but must be responsible; behavior is the consequence of human choice; and people possess unlimited potential for growth and development. There is a natural tendency for people to learn, which will flourish if nourishing, encouraging environments are provided.
5 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 24
Looks like I scored a tie with humanism and Cognitivism/Constructivism theories. I have always believed that we need to make something relevant to the students in order to help them learn something new. It must be related to something in the real-world that they find interesting and is usable in their lives. I also believe that people learn naturally. As we go through life, we learn new things about ourselves and the world around us. This happens whether we want it to happen or if we don't want it to happen it still occurs. The world we live in today is much better than the world we lived in 100 years ago, which goes along with the Humanist thought, "people are inherently good and will strive for a better world.
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